The link between mathematics and art – analyzing the Golden Ratio in Renaissance-era paintings.

दाददो दुद्ददुद्दादी दाददो दूददीददोः ।

दुद्दादं दददे दुद्दे दादाददददोऽददः ॥

तं श्रिया घनयानस्तरुचा सारतया तया ।

यातया तरसा चारुस्तनयानघया श्रितं ॥

सकारनानारकास-

कायसाददसायका ।

रसाहवा वाहसार-

नादवाददवादना ॥

सा सेना गमनारम्भे

रसेनासीदनारता ।

तारनादजनामत्त

धीरनागमनामया ॥

Theory of concept of proportion and harmony in the art and creations has been fascinating, since ages, the artists. Golden Ratio is the mathematical principle that has grasped the attention of artists, designers, and architets

 The golden ratio, also known as the divine proportion or the golden mean, is a mathematical ratio that is believed to possess aesthetically pleasing and harmonious properties. It has been used as a guiding principle in various art forms, including painting, architecture, and design, to create visually appealing and balanced compositions.

Golden Ratio in detail :->

The golden ratio is a mathematical ratio that is denoted by the Greek letter Phi (φ) and is approximately equal to 1.618033988749895. 

 In other words, if a line segment is divided into two parts such that the ratio of the whole to the larger part is equal to the ratio of the larger part to the smaller part, then this ratio is considered to be the golden ratio.The golden ratio, which is also referred to as the golden mean, divine proportion, or golden section, exists between two quantities if their ratio is equal to the ratio of their sum to the larger quantity between the two. With reference to this definition, if we divide a line into two parts, the parts will be in the golden ratio if:

The ratio of the length of the longer part, say "a" to the length of the shorter part, say "b" is equal to the ratio of their sum " (a + b)" to the longer length.

Refer to the following diagram for a better understanding of the above concept:

The golden ratio has been considered significant in various fields, including mathematics, art, architecture, and nature. It has been found in numerous natural phenomena, such as the arrangement of petals in flowers, the spirals in seashells, and the proportions of the human body. In art and design, the golden ratio is often associated with the idea of aesthetic harmony and balance and is believed to create visually pleasing and balanced compositions.

 

Significance of Golden Ratio 

One of the key reasons why the golden ratio is considered significant in art is its alleged ability to create visually appealing compositions. The ratio is believed to create a sense of balance and harmony and is often associated with a feeling of naturalness or organic beauty. It is said to have a pleasing effect on the human eye, and artists and designers have utilized it as a tool to create aesthetically pleasing compositions that are visually captivating.

Furthermore, the golden ratio is also associated with the idea of divine proportions or cosmic harmony. Many artists and philosophers throughout history have attributed spiritual or metaphysical significance to the golden ratio, seeing it as a representation of divine or universal order. This mystical aspect of the golden ratio has further added to its allure and has inspired artists to incorporate it into creations as a means of imbuing their works with a sense of higher meaning or symbolism.

The historical significance of the golden ratio can be traced back to ancient times. It is believed that the ancient Egyptians used the golden ratio in the construction of the Great Pyramids of Giza, where the ratio of the height of the pyramid to the base is approximately equal to the golden ratio. In ancient Greece, the golden ratio was associated with the idea of perfect beauty and was used by renowned Greek architects, such as Phidias, in the design of temples and sculptures.

Conclusion :- 

In conclusion, the golden ratio has had a significant influence on iconic paintings throughout history. Its precise application in the compositions of famous artworks such as "The Last Supper," "The Birth of Venus," "The Starry Night," "The Persistence of Memory," and "The Mona Lisa" is believed to have contributed to their visual appeal, aesthetic harmony, and enduring impact.The golden ratio has been fruitful as a compositional tool by artists to create visually appealing and harmonious compositions that resonate with viewers on multiple levels, evoking a sense of awe, balance, and harmony. In conjunction with other artistic techniques and principles, the golden ratio has become a powerful tool in the arsenal of artists, architects, and designers, shaping the world of art and design for centuries. Its enduring significance as a compositional tool in art continues to be recognized and appreciated, and its influence on iconic artworks.