India’s First Bamboo-Based Ethanol Plant

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The UN General Assembly in September 2015 adopted a global development vision called Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The 2030 Agenda is "a plan of action for people, planet, and prosperity".

As part of this agenda, 17 new Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) and 169 targets to stimulate global action over the next 15 years on issues critical to humanity and the planet have been identified by the global community. The concept of SDGs was born at the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, Rio + 20, in 2012.
In the September 2015 UN Summit, the Prime Minister of India pledged its commitment to the SDGs.The SDGs officially came into force from 1st January 2016. NITI Aayog has been assigned the role of developing national indicators, overseeing the implementation by ministries and coordinate with States for the achievement of development targets as enshrined in the SDGs.

In the September 2015 UN Summit, the Prime Minister of India pledged its commitment to the SDGs.The SDGs officially came into force from 1st January 2016. NITI Aayog has been assigned the role of developing national indicators, overseeing the implementation by ministries and coordinate with States for the achievement of development targets as enshrined in the SDGs. Under SDGs, biofuels development is one of the main aim to concentrate. 

The Prime Minister inaugurated India’s first bamboo-based bioethanol plant in Golaghat, Assam, marking a major step toward energy self-sufficiency and green energy promotion.

  • Economic Impact: Bioethanol plant will source 5 lakh tonnes of bamboo annually from Assam and other northeastern states. The project will benefit local farmers and tribal communities, providing a Rs 200-crore boost to Assam’s rural economy.
    • After the amendment to the Indian Forest Act 1927, bamboo is no longer classified as a tree, lifting the ban on its cutting. This change supports the livelihoods of forest communities and private growers.
    • It aligns with India’s Viksit Bharat vision, focusing on hydrocarbon exploration and green energy initiatives, and aims to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
  • Bioethanol: It is a high-octane biofuel (C2H5OH) produced biologically from biomass like corn, sugarcane, grains, bamboo and vegetable residues. 
    • It is mainly used as a gasoline additive, with engines now capable of burning pure ethanol. 
    • Key production steps include fermentation of sugars, pretreatment of starch or cellulose, distillation, and dehydration to fuel-grade ethanol.
Energy consumption in human society has increased as more energy supplies are required to meet the needs of the world’s growing population. However, there is a major concern about fulfilling energy demand while reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Bamboo-based biomass has great potential for use as a raw material for the production of biofuels and bioenergy. Bamboo possesses excellent fuel qualities that can be converted into solid, liquid, and gaseous biofuels. Hence, the cultivation and harvesting operations must be performed efficiently to ensure that the availability of this biomass is sufficient to meet the demand for biofuel production. Several studies have shown that the micropropagation technique has increased bamboo production and that proper bamboo plantation management can benefit both the environment and society. Nevertheless, there are several challenges in bamboo cultivation and biofuel production, such as environmental impact from land management and economic risk from the industrial supply chain. Bamboo-producing countries, including Malaysia, have initiated several policies.


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